1. Nyepi is a Balinese "Day of Silence" that is commemorated every Isakawarsa (Saka new year) according to Bali's calendar (in 2011, it will be on March 5th). It is a day of silence, fasting, and meditation. The day following Nyepi is also celebrated as New year.
Observed from 6 a.m. until 6 a.m. the next morning, Nyepi is a day reserved for self-reflection and as such, anything that might interfere with that purpose is restricted. The main restrictions are: no lighting fires (and lights must be kept low); no working; no entertainment or pleasure; no traveling; and for some, no talking or eating at all. The effect of these prohibitions is that Bali’s usually bustling streets and roads are empty, there is little or no noise from TVs and radios, and few signs of activity are seen even inside homes. The only people to be seen outdoors are the Pecalang, traditional security men who patrol the streets to ensure the prohibitions are being followed.
Although Nyepi is primarily a Hindu holiday, non-Hindu residents of Bali observe the day of silence as well, out of respect for their fellow citizens. Even tourists are not exempt; although free to do as they wish inside their hotels, no one is allowed onto the beaches or streets, and the only airport in Bali remains closed for the entire day. The only exceptions granted are for emergency vehicles carrying those with life-threatening conditions and women about to give birth.
On the day after Nyepi, known as Ngembak Geni, social activity picks up again quickly, as families and friends gather to ask forgiveness from one another, and to perform certain religious rituals together.
Rituals =
a. First, The Melasti Ritual is performed at the 3-4 previous day. It is dedicated to Sanghyang Widhi Wasa and is performed at the beach to respect them as the owner of The Land and Sea. The ritual performed in Pura (Balinese temple) near the sea (Pura Segara) and meant to purify Arca, Pratima, and Pralingga (sacred objects) belongs to several temples, also to acquire sacred water from the sea.
b. Second, The Bhuta Yajna Ritual is performed in order to vanquish the negative elements and create balance with God, Mankind, and Nature. The ritual also meant to appease Batara Kala by Pecaruan offering. Devout Hindu Balinese villages usually make ogoh-ogoh, demonic statues made of bamboo and paper symbolizing negative elements or malevolent spirits. After the ogoh-ogoh have been paraded around the village, the Ngrupuk ritual takes place, which involves burning the ogoh-ogoh.
c. Third, The Nyepi Rituals is performed with the following conditions:
Amati Geni: No fire/light, including no electricity
Amati Karya: No working
Amati Lelunganan: No travelling
Amati Lelanguan: Fasting and no revelry/self-entertainment
d. Fourth, The Yoga/Brata Ritual starts at 6:00 AM (e.g. March 26, 2009) and continues to 6:00 AM the next day.
e. Fifth, The Ngebak Agni/Labuh Brata Ritual is performed for all Hindus to forgive each other and to welcome the new days to come.
f. Sixth and finally, The Dharma Shanti Rituals is performed as the Nyepi Day or "Day of Silence."
2. Galungan and Kuningan
The word "Galungan" is derived from Old Javanese language, which means winning or fighting. Galungan also synonymous with Dungulan, which also means winning. Because it is in Java, the eleventh wuku called Wuku Galungan, while in Bali wuku the eleventh was called Wuku Dungulan. His name is different, but means the same thing. As in Java in the details of any designation pancawara Legi while in Bali called Umanis, which means the same: sweet.
Somewhat difficult to ascertain how the origins of this Galungan. When was actually celebrated Galungan first time in Indonesia, especially in Java and in other areas, especially in Bali. Drs. I Gusti Agung Gede Putra (former Director General of the Hindu and Buddhist Guidance Department of Religious Affairs) estimates, have long been celebrated Galungan Hindus in Indonesia prior to the popular holiday celebrated on the island of Bali. This allegation is based on Old Javanese language manuscripts, named Song of Panji Amalat Rasmi. However, exactly when it celebrated Galungan outside Bali and whether the same name Galungan, remain unanswered with certainty. But in Bali, there are sources that provide a bright spot. According to the Purana Bali ejection Dwipa, Galungan was first celebrated on Purnama Kapat Buddhist Dungulan POND, Saka year 804 or 882 years BC. The ejection was mentioned:
Aci Punang Galungan ngawit ika, Ma, Ka, Dungulan sasih kacatur, 15, isaka 804. Build senses Buwana Ikang Bali Rajya.
Meaning: Celebration (ceremony) Galungan it first was on Wednesday POND, (Wuku) Dungulan sasih Kapat the 15th, the year 804 Saka. Things like Indra Loka Bali Island. Since then Galungan continues to be celebrated by Hindus in Bali royally. After Galungan is celebrated for about three centuries, suddenly something basic consideration in the year 1103 Saka festivals were discontinued. It happened keti-ka Raja Sri Ekajaya reign. Galungan also not celebrated when it is held in check the King of Sri Dhanadi. During Galungan not celebrated, it is said the disaster came without ceasing. Age royal officials said to be relatively short.
When Sri Dhanadi King died and was succeeded in 1126 Sri Jayakasunu Saka, Galungan then celebrated again, after a more or less forgotten for 23 years. This information can be seen in the palm of Sri Jayakasunu. The ejection was told that King Sri Jayakasunu wonder why the king and the king's officials had always been short-lived. To find out the cause, the King of Sri Jayakasunu conduct meditation and samadhi in Bali which is famous for the god Sraya term meaning closer to the Gods. Sraya god it is done in the Pura Dalem Puri, not far from the Pura Besakih. Because of his sincerity to do meditation, Raja Sri Jayakasunu get pawisik or "religious whisper" of the Goddess Durgha, sakti of Siva. In the Goddess Durgha pawisik explained to the king that his ancestors are always short-lived because it no longer celebrate Galungan. Because of the Goddess Durgha request to the King of Sri Jayakasunu so again celebrate Galungan every Wednesday POND Dungulan accordance with the tradition that never applies. In addition it also recommended that all Hindus attach Penjor Penampahan Galungan day (the day before Galungan). Also mentioned, the core principal Penampahan Galungan celebration is to perform the ceremony byakala aiming to release the negative forces (Buta Kala) of the human self and its environment. Since the King of Sri Jayakasunu get religious whisper it, Galungan celebrated again with the wisdom and lively by Hindus in Bali.
Philosophical Meaning Galungan =
Galungan is a sacred ritual that gives spiritual strength to be able to distinguish where the life force that comes from and where from budhi adharma atma which formed as a voice of truth (dharma) in man.
It also provides the ability to discriminate orientation keraksasaan (asura sampad) and TRENDS sainthood (god sampad). It must be realized that life is happy or emo is life that has the ability to master the trend keraksasaan.
Galungan is also one of the Hindu religious ceremony to remind people ritually and spiritually in order to always win the Goddess Sampad to uphold dharma against adharma. In the ejection Sunarigama, Galungan and details of the ceremony described in detail. Regarding the meaning of the ejection Sunarigama Galungan described as follows:
Buddhist Kliwon Dungulan Ngaran Galungan patitis Ikang janyana samadhi, Girder apadang maryakena sarwa byapaning eyelash
Meaning:
Wednesday Kliwon Galungan Dungulan name, point was the only spiritual in order to get a clear view to eliminating any confusion of mind.
Thus, the core Galungan is to unite the spiritual strength to get the mind and the establishment of the light. Spiritual unity and a clear mind this is in itself a form of dharma. While all the chaos that thought (byaparaning eyelash) is a form adharma. From the conception of this Sunarigama ejection was concluded that the nature of Galungan is celebrating her nangnya dharma against adharma.
To win the dharma that there is a series of activities carried out before and after Galungan. Before Galungan is called Sugihan Sugihan Java and Bali. The word here is the same with Java, Jaba, meaning outside. Java Sugihan purify Bhuana great significance (the earth) outside of the human. Java Sugihan celebrated on Wage Wrhaspati Wuku Breech, six days before Galungan. In the ejection Sundarigama mentioned that on the day it is a Java Sugihan Pasucian kalinggania pamrastista god god kabeh (Sanctification god, because that day all Bhatara purification).
Implementation of this ceremony is to clean up all places and ceremonial equipment in their respective holy places. Meanwhile on Friday Kliwon Wuku Breech mentioned: Kalinggania amretista tawulan sport (therefore purify the physical body of each). Because it is mentioned Bali Sugihan purify themselves. Bali word in Sanskrit means the strengths that exist within ourselves. And that is purified.
In Redite Paing Wuku Dungulan told Sang Kala Tiga Wisesa down annoying humans. So on that day is recommended anyekung jana, means: silencing the mind not to be entered by Butha Galungan. The ejection was also mentioned nirmalakena (people whose minds are always pure) will not be entered by Butha Galungan.
On Monday Pon Dungulan called Penyajaan Galungan. On this day people who know about yoga and samadhi worship. In the ejection mentioned, "the ngamong Pangastawaning yoga samadhi." On the day mentioned Anggara Wage wuku Dungulan Penampahan Galungan. On this day regarded as a day to beat Butha Galungan with the main ceremony to make offerings byakala called lara pamyakala melaradan. People of today's most in slaughter pigs as an animal sacrifice. But the real meaning is on this day should kill animalistic traits that exist in themselves.
Similarly, the sequence that preceded the ceremony Galungan. After a day of Thursday Galungan Umanis Dungulan wuku called Sweet Galungan. On this day people remember how beautiful the victory of dharma. Ummah in general-piaskan symbolized joy to visit places of entertainment, especially the beautiful panorama. Also visiting relatives while skylark.
The next day was Saturday Pon Pemaridan day Dungulan called Guru. On this day, symbolized the gods returned to heaven and leave the gift of healthy living kadirghayusaan namely longevity. On this day people are encouraged deliver to canang meraka and matirta gocara. Barmakna ceremony, people enjoy waranugraha Gods.
On Friday called the day Penampahan Wage Brass Brass. In the ejection Sundarigama not mentioned ceremony must take place. Only recommended doing spiritual activities which is mentioned in the ejection Sapuhakena malaning jnyana (lenyapkanlah defilement of mind). The next day, Saturday Kliwon called Brass. In the ejection Sundarigama mentioned, the ceremony deliver to the offerings on this day should be carried out in the morning and deliver to avoid past noon ceremony. Why? Since the middle of the day the gods and the god Pitara "told" go back to Swarga (god nut mwah Maring Swarga).
Thus the meaning of Galungan and Brass from the point of execution of the ceremony.
penjor
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