The Balinese ?

Early history of Bali can not be separated from the origin and evolution of society. The Balinese believed to have a mixture of Mongoloid blood moving to the main island towards Southeast Asia, long before the time of history. The biggest foreign influence for the Balinese was originally brought by the Indian people (traders and travelers) that brings with it the influence of Hinduism. Bali then share very much in Indianization waves that spread in almost many areas of Southeast Asia in the latter part of the first millennium.

Hinduization in Bali is a process that lasted centuries. The most pervasive influence was not of India alone, but in fact much closer to Java, which was first exposed to the process Indianization than Bali. In the year 1001 (or possibly 991), Bali has been fully exposed Hinduization process. In the reign of Airlangga, Singasari very affecting Bali, both politically and culturally. But the relationship was not without conflict. The people of Bali several times demanding their autonomy from royal Singasari. In fact, when the power switch into the hands of Majapahit, the demand was still happening. Finally, demand that materialized when the Majapahit rule ended in 1515. Bali and then have the autonomy to regulate internal affairs.
In the period of Majapahit, Bali's history began to clear load and has a pattern, although many legends left. The fall marks the rise of the Majapahit kingdom of Mataram, which is patterned Islam. Many of the thousands of clergy, nobles, soldiers, artists, carvers, who moved from Java to Bali to avoid them from their Muslim conquerors. In Bali, they give a strong impulse for the growth of Javanese Hindu tradition which pressured by the forces of Islam. The phenomenon of migration is then produced a large occurrence of transfusion culture in Bali. For about 400 years, they lived undisturbed settled in Bali and have offspring.
So, what the relationship is represented by the Javanese Hindu Majapahit rule is for the Balinese culture, especially related to their eating habits which make the consumption of pork as the main meat. Here I do not really agree with choice of meat (meat of choice), because I was more looking at more pork than a choice, but became a major in Balinese society.
Origins In the book Nagarakrtagama (1365), pig alluded to as one type of meat served at the palace of Majapahit, in addition to lamb, buffalo, chickens, bees, fish and ducks. In addition, there are several types of meat are not served to people who obey because Hindu taboos, despite much-loved by the common people, such as frogs, worms, turtles, rats, dogs. A lot of the time people who are fond of this meat. Hinduism seems almost no role in curbing the sources of protein. A Chinese Muslim, Ma Huan, astonished to see the food people say Java is not Islam that is very dirty and bad. Animals such as snakes, ants, and all kinds of insects and worms into materials consumption. Apart from Madura, Bali is the leading exporter of cattle to Java in the 14th century as well as still survived for centuries. Livestock such as sheep, cattle, sheep, buffalo, pigs, poultry, and dogs became tributes that are sent to the Majapahit at the time.
Various types of pigs is estimated to have been found in the forests of Southeast Asia for thousands of years and farmed since at least 3000 years BC Pigs are considered as the most efficient switching from cereals to meat and is the main meat source in regions where Islam has not been entered. The Europeans argue that Southeast Asian pigs healthier than pigs in Europe. Muslims and then encourage pig breeding goats as a substitute, although goats already there (before Islam) to the extent of Sulawesi, but has not reached the Philippines. Only in Bali, the population density has led to deforestation not unrivaled, Southeast Asian animals bred to be a producer of tropical beef special, although at least the 19th century, Balinese Hindus themselves are not willing to eat it. So naturally, if until now a tropical white cow is considered sacred in Bali, so the pig became one of alternative foodstuffs.
So, what then makes the pig as the main consumption of meat among the people of Bali? This seems to not be separated from the role of Javanese Hindus who migrated to Bali pascaruntuhnya power of Majapahit. In the 16th century, when during the reign of King Stone Renggong, the people of Bali Majapahit influences transformed to suit the needs of life. They created what is in fact a contemporary Balinese culture as well as provide specific elements. They also carry and maintain their habits, including eating habits persoalan On the other hand, the influence of religion can be listened to from the prohibition to not eat meat white cow sebagai suatu abstinence as was embraced by people of Hindu-India. Of course this is a paradox with Islamic people who berpantangan not to eat unclean meat, pork. Bali is an exception which combines the value of history, culture, and belief in the cultural elements of their meals. Indication why the pig became the main consumption can also be listened to Balinese people from maketh livestock as the primary commodity, especially since the 19th century to early 20th century.

During the period of the 19th century to early 20th century, cattle-pig is an animal other than cattle, which became the main needs of the family household Bali. Almost every head of household has at least one cow and some pigs that cater to personal needs or will be sold to local markets and also export. In 1910, total pork exports from the south of Bali reached 33,400 individuals. Pigs are sold each tail appreciated fl. 20 (fl = florins, the currency of the Dutch period). As a domestic animal, has become a consideration that the pig is an economic commodity as well as food consumed.
However, there are things more important than just animal commodities. In Bali, pigs also are animals used in ritual activities. As mentioned by a historian of Southeast Asia, Anthony Reid, general history of the meat in a ritual activity in Southeast Asia has become an important matter, as the Balinese view of pork in ritusnya activity. Maketh pig as a rite of activities in Bali, one of which can be listened to in recording the story of an American named Colin McPhee in his book A House in Bali (1947), he tells himself when giving a gift two pigs in the event Galungan. Pigs, McPhee said, is chiefly food for most people of Bali. When the Balinese feel indebted in some way, then the gift or favor manifested by his slaughter a pig. McPhee said also that the pigs have been slaughtered sometimes used as a form to please the village elders.
Serving dish with a festive procession pork McPhee witnessed as follows:

Meanwhile, other helpers were the resource persons engaged in Preparing the classic accompaniments: rice, of course; pepahit-a "bitter" dish of stewed Blimbing leaves to counteract the Richness of the pig, sausage, made form the pig's blood and urab, a hash of finely mixed coconut, green papaya, the chopped liver, and the heart. At last, the pig was pronounced done to a turn. It was pleased on a banana leaf in along wooden platter. The skin was brittle as thin glass and the meat, Perfumed beyond words from the spice, melted on tongue.
Not only in the ordinary rite, pigs have long been a kind of myth that inherent in the environment of Bali. While McPhee visited the Temple of Death, he witnessed the archaic reliefs showing men surrounded by a lot of pigs. There is also a story that is told King Badulu have some kind of hideous mask, a combination of human eyes and mouth with a muzzle and fangs of wild boar. It is said that King Badulu born to have magical powers. As a child, King Badulu often amuse himself by cutting his head and asked the waitress to re-pair head was separated from his body. One time, the king's head rolled into the river and drift. The waiters are not able to get back to the head master. In desperation, they finally cut off the head of a wild boar and plugging in your neck of the king .Conclusion, assessing keidentikkan pigs within the scope of the life of the people of Bali who dihubungkaitkan with cultural values ​​of the past certainly contain interpretations that are still liquid. However, if the return to three factors: climate, natural resources, and customs of society, liquidity interpretation seems to be considered.
Chinese Influence Questioned on the influence of China on the culinary Bali, I think not so clear when compared with food in Java, Jakarta, or Pontiac that pattern can still be felt. Only that invite curiosity, if the footing from the assumption that pork is so synonymous with Chinese cuisine, is there any Chinese influence in the use of pork in Bali? Here, I can not speculate, because none of the references that pertain to this effect. Denys Lombard even mention that Chinese culture on the island of Bali are rarely mentioned. Lombard interesting thing mentioned is the influence of China in the botanical aspects, namely TAMANAN lychee fruit (Lizhi). Yes, fruit is considered a plant of origin "Kunlun" (as in ancient Chinese sources for the Maritime region of Southeast Asia), it turns out since the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD) were used as tribute to be sent to the palace, as well as one of the commodities exported to the north and south. Lychee fruit are rare and turned out in Tabanan, Bali (other than in Cianjur, West Java), at least indicate the presence of Chinese influence on the island. Also, do not miss
Indeed, geographically stretching as far as Bali is located one mile from eastern Java in the direct flow of trade between the islands of spices in the Moluccas and the ports of Asia which also distributes spices such as cloves, nutmeg, nutmeg and dry. The geographical condition is what makes Bali on the emporium has been visited by Indian traders and travelers, Arabic, Chinese, Japanese, Bugis, and other eastern merchants who not only brought trade goods, but also the rhythms and habits. Although transit and dimukimi Bali, Balinese people prefer to maintain their culture, with little possibility of receiving foreign influences in their lives.
By based on this fact, here Willard A. Hanna mention about the existence of Chinese people in Bali especially in the 19th century. Hanna did not offend the Chinese material culture, which means, in addition to Kopeng (Chinese coin holes) and betel nuts are preferred Balinese people young and old. Lombard, Hanna, or the peeling Yuanzhi Kong Chinese culinary heritage is not even mentioned at all related to the cross-Bali region Chinese culture in the archipelago. Lombard probably true, rarely mention the Chinese culture Chinese culture signifies a bit blurred on the island of the gods. The Balinese Habits